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premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A severe form of premenstrual syndrome characterized by affective symptoms, such as mood swings, irritability, depressed mood, and anxiety, that cause significant disturbances in relationships or social adaptation and that cease shortly after the onset of menses.

Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

Indo-European Roots

Semitic Roots

The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.

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