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Hopper, Grace Murray 1906-1992.
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American naval officer, mathematician, and computer programmer. Noted for her development of programming languages, especially COBOL, she is credited with inventing the first compiler.
(click for a larger image)
Grace Hopper
photographed in the 1980s

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
 
hop·per (hŏpər)
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n.
1. One that hops.
2.
a. A usually funnel-shaped container in which materials, such as grain or coal, are stored in readiness for dispensation.
b. A freight car with a door in the floor through which materials are unloaded.
c. A box in which a bill is placed pending formal introduction before a legislature.
d. Informal A place in which something is held in readiness: a studio with many potential blockbusters in the hopper.

[Sense 2, from the shaking or hopping motion of grain hoppers as grain passed through them to the mill.]

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
 
Hop·per (hŏpər), Edward 1882-1967.
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American painter whose starkly realistic works include Early Sunday Morning (1930) and Nighthawks (1942).

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
 

Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

    Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

    Indo-European Roots

    Semitic Roots

    The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.