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cas·ti·gate

(kăstĭ-gāt′)

tr.v. cas·ti·gat·ed, cas·ti·gat·ing, cas·ti·gates

To punish or rebuke severely. See Synonyms at punish.

[Latin castīgāre, castīgāt-, from castus, pure; see kes- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]

cas′ti·gation n.

casti·ga′tor n.

Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

Indo-European Roots

Semitic Roots

The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.

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