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Jammu and Kash·mir (kăshmîr, kăsh-mîr)
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1. Popularly known as Kashmir A region and former princely state of South Asia, in areas controlled by present-day India, Pakistan, and China. Part of the Mughal Empire after 1587, it was annexed by British India in 1846 and divided between India and Pakistan after fierce fighting (1947-1948). Both India and Pakistan continue to claim jurisdiction over most of Jammu and Kashmir, and India disputes China's occupation (since the 1950s) of the largely uninhabited eastern portion of the region.
2. A state of extreme northern India between Pakistan and China in the disputed region of the same name. Jammu and Srinagar are its capitals.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
 

Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

    Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

    Indo-European Roots

    Semitic Roots

    The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.